Analytical Chemistry

Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions. In laboratory settings, it plays a pivotal role in various applications, such as electroanalytical techniques, electrodeposition, and corrosion studies. The accuracy and reliability of electrochemical experiments hinge on the quality of water utilized, as impurities can interfere with electrode processes and compromise experimental outcomes.

What Is The Impact Of Water In
Electrochemistry?

Water quality is a critical factor in electrochemical experiments Impure water can introduce contaminants that interfere with the electrochemical reactions occuring at electrodes. These contaminants may lead to inaccurate measurements, affect the efficiency of electrodeposition processes, and influence
corrosion studies.

What Types Of Contaminants In Water Can Affect Electrochemistry?

Water impurities that can impact electrochemistry experiments include

Ionic Contaminants

Impact:

Elevated levels of ions can interfere with electrochemical measurements.

Effect:

Excess ions may contribute to background signals or affect the electrochemical processes. In cyclic voltammetry, for example, interference from ions can compromise the accuracy of redox potential measurements and the reliability of electrochemical analyses.

Organic Contaminants

Impact:

The presence of unintended organic compounds can affect electrode performance.

Effect:

In potentiostatic experiments, unintended organics may adsorb onto electrodes, leading to changes in surface properties and affecting the reproducibility of electrochemical measurements Matrix effects from organics can compromise the accuracy of results.

Particulates

Impact:

Presence of particulate matter in electrolyte solutions can cause electrode fouling.

Effect:

Particulates may cause physical blockages or interfere with reactions, leading to fluctuations in experimental outcomes. The reproducibility of results may be compromised in the presence of particulates.

Water Measurement Requirements for Electrochemistry

In electrochemical applications, the quality of water used directly influences the accuracy and reproducibility of results. For electrochemistry, maintaining low levels of impurities is crucial to avoid interference in reactions. Apyrogenic, Type I ultrapure water is often recommended to ensure the highest purity standards.

Water Quality Standards According to Industry Guidelines:

Sensitivity

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

Filter (μm)

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

General

<50

<0.2

<10

High

>18

<10

<0.2

<0.03

Sensitivity

General

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

<50

Filter (μm)

<0.2

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

<10

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

Sensitivity

High

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

>18

TOC (ppb)

<10

Filter (μm)

<0.2

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

<0.03

Nucleases

Adhering to these water quality standards is crucial for the success and accuracy of electrochemical experiments. Type I water is recommended for critical applications, while Type Il water may be suitable for routine experiments.

NOTES:

If removal of finer particulates (< 0.05 micron) is required, consider upgrading to CLS-5400 series systems.
Applications requiring Endotoxin filtration should purchase a CLF-5000-02E Endotoxin removal final filter

CLS-3200

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Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 3200 High Purity Lab Water System with UV Oxidation

25.25

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 10 CFU / ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

Countertop, Wall Mount

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

CLS-5200-R-1-TOC

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Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5200 Ultrapure Lab Water System with TOC Monitoring & UV Oxidation (Remote 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

CLS-5200-R-2-TOC

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5200 Ultrapure Lab Water System with TOC & UV Oxidation (Remote 220V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

220V/50Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

CLS-5200-S-1-TOC

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5200 Ultrapure Lab Water System with TOC Monitor & UV Oxidation (Standard 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

½" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

2.5

Countertop

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxidation

Effluent Purity

Effluent Microorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chlorides

Effluent TOC

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

Volumetric Presets

Mounting

Laboratory Applications

CAtegory

CLS-3200

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 3200 High Purity Lab Water System with UV Oxidation

25.25

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 10 CFU / ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

Countertop, Wall Mount

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

CLS-5200-R-1-TOC

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5200 Ultrapure Lab Water System with TOC Monitoring & UV Oxidation (Remote 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

CLS-5200-R-2-TOC

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5200 Ultrapure Lab Water System with TOC & UV Oxidation (Remote 220V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

⅜" O.D. Tubing

220V/50Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

2.5

Wall Mount, Remote Dispense

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

CLS-5200-S-1-TOC

Get a quote

Download Spec Sheet

CLïR 5200 Ultrapure Lab Water System with TOC Monitor & UV Oxidation (Standard 120V)

14.4

21.6

14.7

½" O.D. Tubing

120V/60Hz

> 18 MΩ/cm

< 1 CFU/ml

< 1ppb

< 5 ppb

2.5

Countertop

Electrochemistry, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Trace Organics

Analytical Chemistry

The difference is CLïR.

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Applications

Analytical Chemistry

Electrochemistry

What Is The Impact Of Water InElectrochemistry?

Ionic Contaminants

Organic Contaminants

Particulates

Water Measurement Requirements for Electrochemistry

Sensitivity

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

Filter (μm)

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

Sensitivity

Resistivity (MΩ.cm)*

TOC (ppb)

Filter (μm)

Bacteria (CFU/ml)

Endotoxins (EU/ml)

Nucleases

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxydation

Effluent Purity

Effluent Microorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chloride

Effluent TOC

System MaximumOutput (lpm)

Volumetric Presets

Mounting

Laboratory Applications

CAtegory

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxydation

Effluent Purity

Effluent Microorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chloride

Effluent TOC

System MaximumOutput (lpm)

Volumetric Presets

Mounting

Laboratory Applications

CAtegory

System

Label

System Depth (in)

System Height (in)

System Width (in)

Dry Weight (lbs)

Inlet Connection

System Voltage

TOC Monitoring

0.05μ Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet Oxydation

Effluent Purity

Effluent Microorganisms

Effluent Sodium

Effluent Chloride

Effluent TOC

What Is The Impact Of Water In
Electrochemistry?

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

System Maximum
Output (lpm)

System Maximum
Output (lpm)